Evaluation of a Novel Calcium Phosphate–Coated Titanium Porous Oxide Implant Surface: A Study in Rabbits
Nicholas M. Poulos, DDS, MS/Nancy A. Rodriguez, DVM, DACLAM/Jaebum Lee, DDS, MS, PhD/Frederick A. Rueggeberg, DDS, MS/Peter Schüpbach, Dr Sc Nat ETH/Jan Hall, MSc/Cristiano Susin, DDS, MSD, PhD/Ulf M. E. Wikesjö, DDS, DMD, PhD
PMID: 21841981
Purpose: To evaluate osseointegration of a novel calcium phosphate (CaP)–coated titanium porous oxide implant surface. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male New Zealand White rabbits were used. Each animal received two titanium porous oxide–surfaced implants (benchmark control: TiUnite, Nobel Biocare) and two novel CaP-coated titanium porous oxide–surfaces implants; they were randomly allocated to contralateral tibia implant sites. The animals were sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks, and tissues were evaluated histometrically. Results: Healing was generally uneventful. A removal torque analysis showed significantly higher mean (± SE) peak values for the control implants than for the test implants at 2 weeks (31.4 ± 2.5 Ncm versus 20.4 ± 1.8 Ncm) and 4 weeks (48.4 ± 5.5 Ncm versus 30.3 ± 3.9 Ncm). Light microscopy showed no significant differences in local bone density around control and test implants at 2 and 4 weeks (range, 85% to 91% within the thread area and 91% to 95% immediately outside the threads). At 2 weeks, bone-implant contact for control and test implants averaged 81.8% ± 2.8% and 75.7% ± 4.6%, respectively, and at 4 weeks the bone-implant contact values were 79.4% ± 2.8% and 73.5% ± 4.2%, respectively; these differences were not significant. Backscatter scanning electron microscopy also showed no significant differences in local bone density at control and test implants at 2 and 4 weeks (range, 55% to 72% within the thread area and 75% to 81% immediately outside the threads). At 2 weeks, bone-implant contact for control and test implants averaged 66.4% ± 2.9% and 61.5% ± 5.1%, respectively, and at 4 weeks mean values were 60.1% ± 4.2% and 53.3% ± 4.6% (differences not significant). Conclusions: The results suggest that the novel CaP-coated surface effectively supports osseointegration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2011;26:731–738
Key words: bone-implant contact, calcium phosphate, dental implants, osseointegration, titanium porous oxide
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