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Volume 26 , Issue 3
May/June 2011
Pages 527–537

Effects of Occlusal Inclination and Loading on Mandibular Bone Remodeling: A Finite Element Study

Chaiy Rungsiyakull, BE, ME/Pimduen Rungsiyakull, DDS, MDSc/Qing Li, BE, ME, ME(Res), PhD/Wei Li, BE, ME, PhD/Michael Swain, BSc, PhD

PMID: 21691599

Purpose: To provide a preliminary understanding of the biomechanics with respect to the effect of cusp inclination and occlusal loading on the mandibular bone remodeling. Materials and Methods: Three different cusp inclinations (0, 10, and 30 degrees) of a ceramic crown and different occlusal loading locations (central fossa and 1- and 2-mm offsets horizontally) were taken into account to explore the stresses and strains transferred from the crown to the surrounding dental bone through the implant. A strain energy density obtained from two-dimensional plane-strain finite element analysis was used as the mechanical stimulus to drive cancellous and cortical bone remodeling in a buccolingual mandibular section. Results: Different ceramic cusp inclinations had a significant effect on bone remodeling responses in terms of the change in the average peri-implant bone density and overall stability. The remodeling rate was relatively high in the first few months of loading and gradually decreased until reaching its equilibrium. A larger cusp inclination and horizontal offset (eg, 30 degrees and 2-mm offset) led to a higher bone remodeling rate and greater interfacial stress. Conclusions: The dental implant superstructure design (in terms of cusp inclination and loading location) determines the load transmission pattern and thus largely affects bone remodeling activities. Although the design with a lower cusp inclination recommended in previous studies may reduce damage and fracture failure, it could, to a certain extent, compromise bone engagement and long-term stability. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2011;26:527–537

Key words: bone-implant interface, bone remodeling, cusp inclination, dental implant, occlusal load

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