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Volume 24 , Issue 2
March/April 2009
Pages 205–215

Nanostructured Alumina-Coated Implant Surface: Effect on Osteoblast-Related Gene Expression and Bone-to-Implant Contact In Vivo

Gustavo Mendonca/Daniela Baccelli Silveira Mendonca/Luis Gustavo Pagotto Simoes/Andre Luiz Araujo/Edson Roberto Leite/Wagner Rodrigues Duarte/Lyndon F. Cooper/Francisco J. L. Aragao

PMID: 19492635

Purpose: The use of nanotechnology to enhance endosseous implant surfaces may improve the clinical control of interfacial osteoblast biology. This study investigated the influence of a nanostructure-coated implant surface on osteoblast differentiation and its effects on bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and removal torque values. Materials and Methods: Titanium disks were machined (M) or machined and subsequently treated by acid etching (Ac) or by dipping in an aluminum oxide solution (Al2O3). Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray microanalysis. For the in vitro experiment, rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were grown in osteogenic supplements on the disk surfaces for 3 days. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure mRNA levels of several gene products (bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and RUNX-2). For the in vivo experiment, titanium implants were placed in rat tibiae and harvested after 3 to 21 days for measurement of bone-specific mRNA levels by real-time PCR. Removal torque and BIC were measured 3 to 56 days after placement. Results: Average height deviation (Sa, in nm) values for M, Ac, and Al2O3 implants were 86.5, 388.4, and 61.2, respectively. Nanostructured Al2O3 topographic features applied to machined implants promoted MSC commitment to the osteoblast phenotype. Greater bone-specific gene expression was observed in tissues adjacent to Al2O3 implants, and associated increases in BIC and torque removal were noted. Conclusion: Nanostructured alumina may directly influence cell behavior to enhance osseointegration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:205–215

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