Summary:
Visceral Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne systemic parasitic infection found in many areas of the world. Typically, Leishmaniasis manifests with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Oral lesions are uncommon. Definitive diagnosis still relies on the demonstration of the Leishmania parasite in tissues, although molecular methods appear promising as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Pentavalent antimonial compounds remain the mainstay of treatment worldwide, but lipid formulations of amphotericin B, and more recently miltefosine, an oral active agent, have been introduced as antileishmanial treatment. We report a patient with visceral Leishmaniasis, who presented with the rare complication of maxillary osteonecrosis.

Key words:
oral, Leishmaniasis, bone, tropical infection