The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the specialist with surgical arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint and to present a preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation protocol for patients undergoing this increasingly popular procedure. Clinical uses of arthroscopy are listed, and the criteria for arthroscopic intervention are described. The rationale for a comprehensive rehabilitation program is discussed in view of anatomic, neurologic, and functional relationships between the craniomandibular and craniocervical regions. Next, a preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation protocol is presented along with therapeutic goals for each phase of care. The timing and sequence of the protocol is intended to be a general guide, since modifications will be necessary depending on the extent of disk and supportive ligament damage as well as individual responses to rehabilitation.