The aim of this two-part treatment series is on the one hand to emphasize the difficulties and dilemmas a dentist is confronted with when planning complex cases, and on the other hand to reveal the rationale supporting the final treatment plan selection. Challenging cases are considered, including, among others, periodontal compromised rest dentitions requiring prosthodontic rehabilitation. For these patients the decision-making process deals with the indications and limitations of both the fields of fixed and removable prosthodontics. The first part of this study deals with the various prosthodontic treatment options together with the advantages and disadvantages related to each one. The second part of the article presents the final treatment- plan, the decision-making process and the sequence of the treatment steps.