Objective: To observe the healing process and histologic changes of the buccal fat pad. Methods: The experiment was undertaken in 20 rabbits. Uncovered buccal fat pad was used to repair soft tissue defects in the oral cavity. Results: The uncovered buccal fat pad showed complete epithelialization after 6 to 8 weeks; fat tissue was slowly replaced by fibrous tissue. Conclusion: Advantages of the pedicled buccal fat pad graft include an anatomic region that is consistent and easy to excise. The operation can be performed in the same incision, having no influence on appearance or function. The buccal fat pad provides a new method for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the mouth.