Objective: To investigate the biologic effects of the rhBMP-2 and rhTGF-ß1 complex on dental pulp injury repair. Methods: The biologic effects of rhBMP-2, rhTGF-ß1, or the complex of these two factors were compared by using direct pulp capping in dog teeth. Results: At 2 weeks postoperative, the rhBMP-2 group showed minimum to moderate inflammation infiltration in dental pulp tissue, and two of the animals had dental pulp degeneration; the rhTGF-ß1 group showed more extensive inflammation infiltration; and a specimen of the complex-treated group had formed fibrous matrix, though there were no significant differences between these groups. At 5 weeks postoperative, distinct remission of inflammation was observed in all groups; two specimens of the complex-treated group had formed bone-like dentin bridge. However, there were no significant differences between the groups. After 12 weeks, the complex-treated group had formed more dentin and tubo-dentin than the other groups; this showed a significant difference by analysis of variance (P < .05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the complex of rhBMP-2 and rhTGF-ß1 had good inductive activity in direct pulp capping and may have remarkable effects in the repair of dental pulp injury.