Objective: To investigate the possibility of using temperature-dependent synthetic hydrogel, a recently developed resorbable biomaterial, as a carrier for creating autologous neocartilage in New Zealand rabbit model. Methods: Chondrocytes were harvested from auricles of New Zealand rabbits. The cells were mixed with temperature-dependent synthetic hydrogel (TDSH) to generate chondrocytes/TDSH composites with final cellular density of 50 x 106 per mL, and then the composites were injected into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of New Zealand rabbits as autologous cell grafts. The specimens were observed by gross examination and histologic analysis during neocartilage formation at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after injection. Results: Four weeks after injection, hard knobs had formed subcutaneously. At 8 and 12 weeks after injection, the knobs were much harder and showed the appearance of cartilage. In histologic analysis, immature cartilage was observed at 4 weeks. At 8 and 12 weeks, GAG, collagen, and collagen type II were observed in neocartilage. Conclusion: Neocartilage could be regenerated through the injection of synthetic hydrogel mixed with chondrocytes. Using tissue engineering methods, injectable cartilage may have great potential for clinical use.