The treatment of dentofacial deformitites usually consists of correcting skeletal relationships between the mandible and maxilla without changing the transverse dimension of the mandibular arch. Only the mandibular body ostectcomy procedures, less frequently utilized today, can modify the transverse dimension of the mandibular osteodental segements. Few reports have appeared in the literature on the use of the so-called midline osteotomy-ostectomy for the correction of mandibular width in patients undergoing surgery for the correction of skeletal problems. The present paper analyzes indications, surgical techniques, and results of the midline osteotomy-ostectomy of the mandible on the basis of personal experience of the authors and the results of a questionnaire sent to ten internationally known maxillofacial surgeons.