The efficacy of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures in the treatment of vertical and horizontal bone defects is well established. In the last 10 years, clinical results in GBR procedures were improved by new materials and flap design modifications to ensure maintenance of the soft tissue closure throughout the long healing period of the regeneration phase. Numerous authors reported short-term success rates of implants placed in regenerated bone comparable to success rates of implants placed in native bone under function over time. The long-term stability of implants in regenerated bone under function has not been extensively reported. The long-term stability of regenerated bone in function and its capability to support implants and withstand functional forces in a clinical environment were evaluated. Carlo Tinti, MD, DDS, maintains a full-time private practice devoted to periodontology and implantology in Flero (Brescia), Italy. He is an active member of the Italian Society of Periodontology and the Italian Academy of Restorative Dentistry.

Stefano Parma-Benfenati, MD, DDS, MScD, received his medical degree from Ferrara University, specialized in dentistry at the University of Genova, and obtained his master’s degree in periodontology from Boston University. He maintains a private practice in periodontology and implant dentistry in Ferrara, Italy. Dr Parma-Benfenati has lectured widely, co-authored many articles, and was formerly a professor of periodontology at the Dental School of Ferrara University.