This nicely illustrated pocket guide focuses on the differential diagnosis of breath malodor, also known as halitosis. It provides indications for the step-by-step clinical examination of patients affected by this condition. Since most causes of breath malodor are intraoral, this pocket guide is particularly useful for dentists and periodontists. However, general medical practitioners, ENT specialists, gastroenterologists, and psychiatrists will be interested in the sections on postnasal drip, regurgitation esophagitis, liver insufficiency, imaginary bad breath, etc. Practical therapeutic guidelines are provided on the use of mouthwashes, tongue scrapers, and dentifrices.

ISBN: 1-85097-104-7

95 pp; 40 color illus

Contents:
Glossary
Introduction
Patient History
Patient Questionnaire
Causes of Breath Malodor
        Dental
        Periodontal
        Tongue
        ENT
        Bronchi and lungs
        Gastrointestinal
        Liver
        Kidney
        Systemic metabolic disorders
        Medications
        Hormonal
        Imaginary breath malodor
Clinical Examination
        Self-examination
        Organoleptic evaluation
        Instrument measurements
        Oropharyngeal examination
        Laryngeal examination
        Nasal examination
        Sinusal examination
        Esophageal examination
        Blood tests
        Gastrointestinal investigations
        Imaginary breath malodor
Treatment
        Oral pathologies
        ENT pathologies
        Bronchopulmonary disorders
        Esophageal pathologies
        Gastrointestinal pathologies
        Kidney pathologies
        Liver pathologies
        Metabolic diseases
        Hormonal factors
        Imaginary breath malodor
General Conclusions
Patients’ Stories
Key References
Index

Daniel van Steenberghe, MD, PhD
Catholic University of Leuven
Leuven, Belgium